A variety of employment-based immigrant visas (green cards) exist to allow those from other countries to contribute to American society by pursuing work here. Those with an extraordinary ability may wish to move family members here to pursue opportunities that don’t exist elsewhere or to make the most out of their education and experience.
Some immigrant visas require the foreign national to apply, while others fall onto the responsibility of the prospective employer, but either way, you may need the help of a San Jose lawyer from Naya Immigration. Our employment immigration attorneys are well-versed in the process to acquire a green card and working with the Department of Labor, so don’t hesitate to contact us to make your dreams come true.
What Is an Employment-Based Visa/Green Card?
An employment-based immigrant visa or green card allows another country’s citizen to work and live in the United States legally based on their job skills and available employment opportunities. Primarily, it’s a method of immigration centered on the worker already having a job offer from a U.S.-based employer.
While several different types of visas exist, the best one ultimately depends on the type of work the foreign national does. No matter what, it’s often a complex and time-consuming process that requires getting a labor certification from the Department of Labor (DOL). From there, one must file an immigrant petition with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and then apply for an immigrant visa via consular processing abroad or via completing a consular processing or adjustmentan adjustment of status application in the United States. Each one has specific procedures and requirements depending on the job category and the individual’s life circumstances, including any advanced degrees they might hold.
How Employment-Based (EB) Immigration Works
Primarily, employment-based immigration centers around a noncitizen receiving a job offer from a U.S. employer. The process can take a while, which is why it’s critical for business owners to begin as quickly as possible. The following timeline is a general breakdown of what happens.
Job Offer and Labor Certification
The business owner based out of the United States must offer a job to a foreign worker. This requires filing a labor certification with the Department of Labor, which involves proving no U.S. citizen is available to do the job. Generally, the employer has to show how they tried to find someone through a lengthy job search but came up empty-handed.
Immigrant Petition
The employer files an immigrant petition (Form I-140) with USCIS. This shows how the foreign worker meets all of the requirements within the given EB category. They may have to demonstrate exceptional ability within the given field, and the job itself must be a full-time, permanent position.
Priority Date
The priority date is when the employer properly fileds the petition with the intent to apply for an immigrant visa for the employee. It ultimately determines the waiting period for the visa, which can be up to a couple of months or even longer if depending on the annual limit of immigrant visas within the country of chargeability. there are any audits or delays.
Visa Availability
Each EB category has a numerical limit for how many applications are accepted per fiscal year. Once the priority date is reached, the visa becomes available. Each month the Department of State will release the following month’s visa bulletin which announces the preference categories for country of chargeability currently have green cards to issue or the priority date that is currently available to issue green cards.
Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing
Some individuals may already work in the United States on a different type of visa. If that’s the case, then getting another one may be more streamlined. In the event they still reside abroad, the noncitizen will undergo consular processing at a United States consulate or embassy.
Who Qualifies for the Employment-Based Preference Categories?
The United States government issues 140,000 employment-based immigrant visas annually across five different categories.
- EB-1 (First Preference): This is reserved for those with an extraordinary ability, including sciences, arts, education, and athletics. Professors also qualify with three years of teaching or research experience.
- EB-2 (Second Preference): This includes those with an advanced degree beyond a bachelor’s degree. Those with only a bachelor’s degree may qualify with five years of progressive experience in the field.
- EB-3 (Third Preference): This includes both skilled and unskilled workers with at least two years of training or experience.
- EB-4 (Fourth Preference): Those in this category are referred to as “special immigrants.” They may be religious workers or those belonging to specific international organizations.
- EB-5 (Fifth Preference): This category exists to bolster the U.S. economy by making it easier for immigrant investors to enter the country. To qualify, individuals must be able to invest at least $1,050,000 in a new business enterprise that will create jobs for U.S. workers.
Contact an Employment Immigration Attorney
It’s natural to have more FAQs regarding the visa application process than what was addressed here. It gets complicated quickly, but Naya Immigration in San Jose is here to help. Every attorney here can help guide those through the visa application and naturalization process. Employers and noncitizens, particularly those who would like to self-petition for U.S. citizenship, shouldn’t hesitate to schedule a confidential consultation to get started.